Habitat |
Location |
Characteristics |
Wildlife |
|
Alpine
|
Occurs on high mountains across all latitudes, even in tropics.
|
Similar vegetation to tundra, but in smaller scattered patches. Exist in areas of high precipitation and good drainage with high degree of fragmentation. |
Mammal and bird species, species found depends on locality. |
|
Semi-desert
|
Often surrounds desert areas. |
Scattered hardy plants (bushes, succulents, herbs). Low rainfall, relatively sparse vegetation cover, plants have adaptations to deal with lack of water. |
Some animals such as small mammals have adaptations to deal with lack of water. Ground feeding birds also found. |
|
Desert
|
Tend to occupy mid-latitudes. Extend from west to middle of continents.
|
Little to no vegetation depending on rainfall, with xeric adaptations typical. Seeds lay dormant for years, before germinating, flowering and again setting seed after rainfall. |
Some large mammals which are adapted to the environment. Small mammals and lizards. |
|
Urban
|
Found across the world in environments inhabited by humans. |
Area with a high density of human created structures. Only fragmented habitats exist, so less animal diversity is present. |
Wildlife numbers reduced in these areas due to fragmentation and destruction of habitat. Pest species are often found in urban areas. |
|
Agricultural
|
Areas across the world involved in the production of food, feed, fibre and livestock. |
Habitats largely cleared to allow land for agriculture, so again habitats are fragmented reducing animal numbers and diversity. |
Livestock are bred for milk or meat production, can also find pests attracted to food crops, including insects, birds and small mammals. |
|
Pelagic
|
These are the open oceans away from land, Surface layers of the pelagic oceans receive light; but deep pelagic zone receives no light. |
In surface layers, light allows phytoplankton & algae to grow, supporting other species. Deep zone animals survive on sinking material from surface layers. |
Large fish, crustaceans, molluscs, worms and small fish in upper levels. Crustaceans, protozoans and fish in deep zone. |
|
Mangrove |
Found across the world within tropical climates |
Plant community occupying waterlogged saline soils. Able to withstand regular inundation by tides. |
Nursery for fish. Also supports crustaceans, insects and spiders. |
|
Rivers |
Located around the world |
Includes the land adjoining the water. Changes in character along it's course. The land adjoining can vary between woodlands, to grasslands and wetlands. |
Habitat for fish, birds and other wildlife. |
|
Benthos
|
Deep ocean environments. |
Cold, dark and pressured. |
Supports a diversity of animals in bottom mud. |
|
Continental Shelf |
Extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. |
Richest in nutrients, plankton and animal life. Also a high density of marine invertebrates.
|
Marine invertebrates, fish, large mammals. |
|
Coral Reef
|
Form a rim around oceanic islands. |
Similar ecological characteristics to continental shelf, high level of biodiversity. |
Marine invertebrates, fish, large mammals. |